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Public Sub FireEvent1( ) RaiseEvent event1( ) End Sub End Class The VB .NET Event keyword doesn t support += and -= operators, as C# does. To add and remove handlers, you must use the VB AddHandler/RemoveHandler statements, as shown in Listing 5-8. Listing 5-8. Binding an Event Field to an Event Target, Using VB .NET 'create source and target Dim object1 As New MyEventSource2 Dim object2 As New MyEventTarget2 'bind event source to target AddHandler object1.Event1, AddressOf object2.MyMethod 'unbind event source from target RemoveHandler object1.Event1, AddressOf object2.MyMethod 'fire event to target object1.FireEvent1() If the binder needs to bind an event to a method contained in the Binder class, VB .NET supports an alternative binding technique based on the WithEvents keyword. If you declare an event source object with this keyword, VB .NET lets you designate a handler by adorning the method with a Handles <object.eventName> suffix, as shown in Listing 5-9. Listing 5-9. Using the WithEvent and Handles Keywords to Bind an Event Source to a Handler Public Class MyEventSource3 Public Event Event1() Public Sub FireEvent1() RaiseEvent Event1() End Sub End Class Public Class Binder3 Private WithEvents object1 As MyEventSource2 Public Sub Binder3() object1 = New MyEventSource2 End Sub 'declare an event handler for MyEventSource3.Event1 Public Sub MyHandler() Handles object1.Event1 'do something... End Sub End Class

begin_snapshot end_snapshot db_id END; /

NUMBER, NUMBER, NUMBER := NULL);

Here s an example that shows how to run a partial ADDM analysis for four instances of a database: VAR tname VARCHAR2(30); BEGIN' :tname := 'my ADDM for 8 AM to 10 AM'; DBMS_ADDM.ANALYZE_PARTIAL(:tname, '1,2,3,4', 99, 101); END; / The example shown here runs the ADDM analysis for instances 1, 2, 3, and 4 between snapshots 99 and 101.

The key thing to remember about the WithEvents technique is this: You can only use it to bind events to your own handler methods. In other words, the binder is also the event target.

Execute the GET_REPORT function to view a text report of a completed ADDM task, as shown here: SET LONG 1000000 PAGESIZE 0; SELECT DBMS_ADDM.GET_REPORT(:tname) FROM DUAL;

If your I/O system performs at a certain speed, your system can read a database block in a specific number of milliseconds; the DBIO_EXPECTED parameter (which is not an initialization parameter) indicates I/O performance, and the default value for this parameter is 10 milliseconds. You can find out the current value of the DBIO_EXPECTED parameter by querying the DBA_ADVISOR_ DEF_PARAMETERS view as follows: SQL> SELECT parameter_value FROM dba_advisor_def_parameters WHERE advisor_name='ADDM' AND parameter_name='DBIO_EXPECTED'; PARAMETER_VALUE --------------10000 SQL> You can use the SET_DEFAULT_TASK_PARAMETER procedure of the DBMS_ADVISOR package to modify the default value of the DBIO_EXPECTED parameter, as shown here: SQL> SHO USER USER is "SYS" SQL> EXECUTE DBMS_ADVISOR.SET_DEFAULT_TASK_PARAMETER(> 'ADDM', 'DBIO_EXPECTED', 6000); PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL>

Typed object calls are method calls that go through classes or interfaces. The caller has a reference to a class or interface, and designates at compile time the method to call. Figure 5-4 shows the callercallee relationship.

The Oracle background process MMON schedules the ADDM to run every time the AWR collects its most recent snapshot. Oracle, therefore, automatically generates ADDM reports throughout the day, which you can view through the Database Control. One of the reasons for invoking the ADDM manually is because an alert might recommend you do it. You can perform an ad hoc ADDM analysis to find out details about a performance problem that s currently occurring in the database. You can create a new AWR snapshot manually and run the ADDM using this and the preceding snapshot. You can also request that the ADDM analyze past instance performance by examining AWR snapshot data that falls between any two nonadjacent snapshots. The only requirements regarding the selection of the AWR snapshots are these: The snapshots must not contain any errors. There can t be a database shutdown between the two snapshots. The AWR holds only cumulative database statistics, and once you shut down the database, all the cumulative data will lose its meaning.

Note Although the addmrpt.sql script indicates that you can specify the number of days of snapshots, you really aren t given that choice. The script really just lists the last three days of completed snapshots, as you can see here:

Specify the number of days of snapshots to choose from Entering the number of days (n) will result in the most recent (n) days of snapshots being listed. Pressing <return> without specifying a number lists all completed snapshots. Listing the last 3 days of Completed Snapshots

MyEventSource -myReference : MyEventTarget MyEventTarget +Method1()

You can view the ADDM analysis reports in three different ways: You can use the Oracle-provided addmrpt.sql script (located in the $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/ admin directory) to create an ad hoc ADDM report for a time period covered by any pair of snapshots. You can use the DBMS_ADVISOR package and create an ADDM report by using the CREATE_ REPORT procedure. You can use the OEM to view the performance findings of the stored ADDM reports, which are proactively created each hour after the AWR snapshots. The following sections discuss each of these three methods, but first we ll look at how to read an ADDM report.

The ADDM presents the results of its analysis to you in a standard format that consists of the following components: The definition of the performance problem The root cause of the performance problem